A Description of Hollenbeck's and Klein's Goal-setting Model Essay

Goal-setting research is involved with establishing specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-targeted goals. Goal commitment, according to Locke at al. (1981), is an individuals level of determination over time toward an accomplishment of an original goal, and the unwillingness to lower or abandon that goal (pg. 212). In their research, Hollenbeck and Klein (1987) reinterpret past goal-setting research (of which 61 fails to mention goal commitment, 12 does not assess it empirically, and 27 misinterprets the original formulation) in lieu of goal commitment. The authors develop a model of goal commitment that demonstrates that the widely varying and conditional effects of goal difficulty, as well as the inconsistent results with variables such as monetary incentives, participation and individual differences may very well be explained by the effects (main and interactive) of the situational and personal factors of their theoretical model.According to Hollenbeck and Kleins model, situational and personal factors lead to attractiveness of goal attainment and expectancy of goal attainment, which in turn lead to goal commitment. Individuals are thus motivated to stay committed in their pursuit of goals commensurate to the number of factors present. Attractiveness of goal attainment increases when individuals (1) make their goals public and share with significant others, co-workers, etc., (2) set their own goals (vs. have them assigned), and (3) have specific and explicit goals (vs. vague goals), as well when they are (4) high in the need for achievement, (5) enduring, (6) and have a Type A personality. Expectancy of goal attainment increases when individuals (1) are surrounded by others who set difficult goals and demonstrate goal commitment, (2) feel goal accomplishment is within their control, and (3) goals are assigned by trustworthy and friendly supervisors, as well when they have (4) high-perceived task-related ability, and (5) history of success. Motivation follows this framework, but of course, as mentioned earlier, in addition to main effects, there could also be interactive effects.Hollenbeck and Klein argue their model helps explain...

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